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1.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 60(3): 190-207, mayo-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-175241

RESUMO

La neuroftalmología es la parte de la neurología y la oftalmología que se encarga del estudio de las enfermedades que afectan al sistema visual y a los mecanismos que controlan la motilidad ocular y la función pupilar. Las pruebas de imagen permiten realizar una adecuada valoración anatómica y patológica de las estructuras que conforman la vía visual, los nervios que controlan la motilidad ocular y pupilar, y las propias estructuras orbitarias. Este artículo se divide en tres apartados (recuerdo anatómico, técnicas de imagen apropiadas y valoración patológica en función de la sintomatología clínica) con el propósito de proporcionar herramientas útiles que permitan al radiólogo elegir en cada momento la técnica de imagen más adecuada para el correcto diagnóstico de las enfermedades y un ajustado diagnóstico diferencial


Neuro-ophthalmology is a field combining neurology and ophthalmology that studies diseases that affect the visual system and the mechanisms that control eye movement and pupil function. Imaging tests make it possible to thoroughly assess the relevant anatomy and disease of the structures that make up the visual pathway, the nerves that control eye and pupil movement, and the orbital structures themselves. This article is divided into three sections (review of the anatomy, appropriate imaging techniques, and evaluation of disease according to clinical symptoms), with the aim of providing useful tools that will enable radiologists to choose the best imaging technique for the differential diagnosis of patients’ problems to reach the correct diagnosis of their disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Oculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Orbitárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Retinianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Olho/anatomia & histologia
2.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 60(3): 190-207, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29366504

RESUMO

Neuro-ophthalmology is a field combining neurology and ophthalmology that studies diseases that affect the visual system and the mechanisms that control eye movement and pupil function. Imaging tests make it possible to thoroughly assess the relevant anatomy and disease of the structures that make up the visual pathway, the nerves that control eye and pupil movement, and the orbital structures themselves. This article is divided into three sections (review of the anatomy, appropriate imaging techniques, and evaluation of disease according to clinical symptoms), with the aim of providing useful tools that will enable radiologists to choose the best imaging technique for the differential diagnosis of patients' problems to reach the correct diagnosis of their disease.


Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos
3.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(4): 171-174, oct. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162215

RESUMO

Objetivos. Valorar la evolución a largo plazo de los testículos preservados tras torsión testicular (TT). Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo mediante ecografía de pacientes diagnosticados de TT a los que se les realizó detorsión y orquidopexia. Revisamos 85 pacientes intervenidos por escroto agudo (2004-2014), encontrando 49TT. Excluimos del estudio 15 torsiones perinatales, 14 orquiectomías y 5 pacientes que se negaron a participar. Analizamos 15 pacientes, comparando volúmenes testiculares entre testes afectos y contralaterales, y la diferencia de volúmenes entre ambos testes de los 15 casos con 14 pacientes control (prueba U de Mann-Whitney). Resultados. Los 15 pacientes se intervinieron a una edad media de 10,7 años, con un tiempo medio de evolución de 6 horas [0,7-24]. La ecografía control se realizó a una edad media de 14,7 años, tras un tiempo medio de 47 meses después del episodio, encontrando unas medianas del volumen del teste torsionado y contralateral de 9,3 cc y 12,6 cc, respectivamente (p = 0,683). La mediana de la diferencia entre los volúmenes fue de 0,8 cc [0,1-12,80]. En el grupo control, las ecografías fueron realizadas a una edad media de 16 años, con media de volumen de teste izquierdo de 6,26 cc y derecho de 6,64 cc, y mediana de diferencia de volúmenes de 0,34 cc [0,05-4,59]; no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,270) entre las diferencias de volúmenes de los testículos de casos y controles. Conclusión. La detorsión testicular en pacientes con TT con un tiempo de evolución inferior a 6 horas no influye en el crecimiento testicular a largo plazo, comparado con el crecimiento del teste contralateral y de los testículos de la población normal


Objectives. To assess the long-term evolution of the testicles preserved after testicular torsion (TT). Material and methods. We realized a prospective study by ultrasound of patients diagnosed TT that underwent orchidopexy. We reviewed 85 patients treated for acute scrotum (2004-2014), finding 49TT. We excluded from the study 15 perinatal torsions, 14 orchiectomies and 5 patients who refused to participate. We analyzed 15 patients, comparing testicular volumes between affected and contralateral testes, and the difference in volume between the two testes of the 15 cases with 14 control patients (Mann-Whitney U test). Results. 15 patients underwent surgery at a mean age of 10,7 years, with an average time of 6 hours evolution [0,7-24]. The control ultrasound was performed at a mean age of 14,7 years, after a mean time of 47 months after the episode, finding a medium volume of the affected and contralateral testicle of 9,3 cc and 12,6 cc, respectively (p = 0,683). The median of the difference between the volumes was 0’8 cc [0,1-12,80]. In the control group, ultrasounds were performed at a mean age of 16 years, with an average volume of 6,64 cc on right testicle and 6,26 cc on the left, and median volume difference of 0,34 cc [0,05-4,59]; with no statistically significant difference (p = 0,270) between testicular volume differences of cases and controls. Conclusion. Testicular orchidopexy in patients with TT with less than 6 hours of evolution does not affect the long-term testicular growth, compared with the contralateral testis growth and testes of the normal population


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Torção do Cordão Espermático/cirurgia , Escroto/fisiopatologia , Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Necrose/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Orquiectomia
4.
Cir Pediatr ; 29(4): 171-174, 2016 Oct 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28481071

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term evolution of the testicles preserved after testicular torsion (TT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We realized a prospective study by ultrasound of patients diagnosed TT that underwent orchidopexy. We reviewed 85 patients treated for acute scrotum (2004-2014), finding 49TT. We excluded from the study 15 perinatal torsions, 14 orchiectomies and 5 patients who refused to participate. We analyzed 15 patients, comparing testicular volumes between affected and contralateral testes, and the difference in volume between the two testes of the 15 cases with 14 control patients (Mann-Whitney U test). RESULTS: 15 patients underwent surgery at a mean age of 10,7 years, with an average time of 6 hours evolution [0,7-24]. The control ultrasound was performed at a mean age of 14,7 years, after a mean time of 47 months after the episode, finding a medium volume of the affected and contralateral testicle of 9,3 cc and 12,6 cc, respectively (p = 0,683). The median of the difference between the volumes was 0'8 cc [0,1-12,80]. In the control group, ultrasounds were performed at a mean age of 16 years, with an average volume of 6,64 cc on right testicle and 6,26 cc on the left, and median volume difference of 0,34 cc [0,05-4,59]; with no statistically significant difference (p = 0,270) between testicular volume differences of cases and controls. CONCLUSION: Testicular orchidopexy in patients with TT with less than 6 hours of evolution does not affect the long-term testicular growth, compared with the contralateral testis growth and testes of the normal population.


OBJETIVOS: Valorar la evolución a largo plazo de los testículos preservados tras torsión testicular (TT). MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio prospectivo mediante ecografía de pacientes diagnosticados de TT a los que se les realizó detorsión y orquidopexia. Revisamos 85 pacientes intervenidos por escroto agudo (2004-2014), encontrando 49TT. Excluimos del estudio 15 torsiones perinatales, 14 orquiectomías y 5 pacientes que se negaron a participar. Analizamos 15 pacientes, comparando volúmenes testiculares entre testes afectos y contralaterales, y la diferencia de volúmenes entre ambos testes de los 15 casos con 14 pacientes control (prueba U de Mann-Whitney). RESULTADOS: Los 15 pacientes se intervinieron a una edad media de 10,7 años, con un tiempo medio de evolución de 6 horas [0,7-24]. La ecografía control se realizó a una edad media de 14,7 años, tras un tiempo medio de 47 meses después del episodio, encontrando unas medianas del volumen del teste torsionado y contralateral de 9,3 cc y 12,6 cc, respectivamente (p = 0,683). La mediana de la diferencia entre los volúmenes fue de 0,8 cc [0,1-12,80]. En el grupo control, las ecografías fueron realizadas a una edad media de 16 años, con media de volumen de teste izquierdo de 6,26 cc y derecho de 6,64 cc, y mediana de diferencia de volúmenes de 0,34 cc [0,05-4,59]; no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,270) entre las diferencias de volúmenes de los testículos de casos y controles. CONCLUSION: La detorsión testicular en pacientes con TT con un tiempo de evolución inferior a 6 horas no influye en el crecimiento testicular a largo plazo, comparado con el crecimiento del teste contralateral y de los testículos de la población normal.


Assuntos
Torção do Cordão Espermático/cirurgia , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Orquidopexia , Estudos Prospectivos , Escroto , Torção do Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(11): e291-e296, dic. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146962

RESUMO

Introducción: El lipoma es el tumor mesenquimatoso más frecuente entre los tumores de partes blandas. Su incidencia en la edad pediátrica es menor del 10%; sin embargo, estos tumores con frecuencia forman parte de síndromes complejos o son marcadores de anomalías estructurales subyacentes. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo restrospectivo de los tumores lipomatosos intervenidos en nuestro centro (2000-2014) en pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 15 años, y revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de determinar las características epidemiológicas, su presentación clínica, su asociación con otras entidades clínicas complejas y su evolución posterior. Se excluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico macroscópico de lipoma en los que el estudio anatomopatológico mostró lesiones de diferente estirpe. Resultados: Un total de 36 pacientes (un 47% mujeres y un 53% varones, con una media de edad de 7,9 años) presentaron tumores lipomatosos. El 75% eran lipomas únicos, cuya localización más frecuente era la extremidad inferior (29%). La localización lumbosacra se asoció a anomalías del tubo neural. En el 2,7% de los casos se manifestó como lipomatosis múltiple superficial; el 8,3% formaba parte de síndromes complejos y 1 caso presentó un lipoma profundo. En el 95% se realizó una resección completa. Los lipomas inguinocrurales, intramusculares o múltiples presentaban una mayor tendencia a la recidiva. Conclusiones: Los tumores adiposos son infrecuentes en los niños. La asociación a síndromes complejos o a una patología grave supone un porcentaje muy elevado con respecto a la población adulta. Es fundamental realizar una correcta anamnesis y una exploración para detectar las posibles anomalías asociadas y valorar la necesidad de efectuar pruebas de neuroimagen en las localizaciones craneal o lumbosacra (AU)


Introduction: Benign lipomas are the most frequent soft tissue tumors. In children, its incidence has been estimated at around 10% of mesenchymal tumors and they are frequently associated with complex syndromes or structural abnormalities. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of the fatty tumors diagnosed and treated in our centre (2000-2014) in children (0-15 aged) and a literature review in order to determine their epidemiological characteristics, presentation, complex pathology associated, treatment and prognosis. Patients with pathology report showing different histological diagnosis are excluded. Results: 36 patients (47% females, 53% males, medium age 7.9 years) were diagnosed of fatty tumors. The 75% presented isolated lipomas, the most frequent location was the lower extremity (29%). Lumbosacral lipomas were associated with tube neural defects. The 2.7% presented multiple superficial lipomatosis, the 8.3% were associated with congenital complex syndromes and 1 case presented a deep mediastinal lipoma. Complete resection was performed in 95%. Inguinal location, intramuscular and multiple lipomatosis were associated with relapse. Conclusions: Fatty tumors are infrequent in children. A high percentage of patients present congenital syndromes or disease associated, which shows a higher proportion comparing with adults. A detailed anamnesis and physical exploration are mandatory to detect other defects and neuroimaging techniques must be considered in lumbosacral or craneal lipomas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/cirurgia , Lipomatose/cirurgia , Tubo Neural/anormalidades , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Rev Neurol ; 42(1): 8-16, 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16402320

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We analysed the characteristics, progression and outcomes observed following the embolisation of 100 intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) that were performed in order to achieve complete obliteration of the AVM, the elimination of associated vascular risk factors and also to reduce their size with a view to increasing the effectiveness of later treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The demographic and anatomical characteristics of 110 patients with AVM were analysed over a period of 13 years, and embolisation was performed in 100 of them. In all, 203 embolisation sessions were carried out with an average of 3 embolisations per patient. Of the 100 AVM that were embolised, 36 were AVM which were treated by embolisation with no later therapy, 48 required radiosurgery after the embolisation and the other 16 were submitted to surgery following the embolisation. The type of materials used included liquid adhesive embolic agents (Hystoacryl, Glubran), non-adhesive embolic agents (Onyx) and polyvinyl alcohol particles. Patients were examined clinically and arteriographically. RESULTS: Of the 100 AVM that were embolised, complete eradication was accomplished with just embolisation in 27 cases of AVM (27%). Of the 48 AVM in which radiosurgery was carried out at a later date, the average rate of obliteration was 78% and of the 16 AVM in which surgery was carried out some time later, the average rate of obliteration was 70%. Of the 100 AVM that were embolised, some residue remained in 16 cases. Embolisation eliminated most of the associated vascular risk factors, as can be seen by the fact that associated risk factors disappeared in 28 (65%) out of the 43 AVM with such factors. The morbidity and mortality rates with embolisation were 8% and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Embolisation eliminated most of the vascular risk factors, with complete obliteration in 27 cases and size was satisfactorily reduced for later treatment; at the same time, morbidity and mortality rates were acceptable.


Assuntos
Embolização Terapêutica , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Progressão da Doença , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Embolização Terapêutica/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
10.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(1): 8-16, 1 ene., 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043831

RESUMO

Introducción. Analizamos las características, evolución y resultados tras la embolización de 100 malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) intracraneales con el objetivo de conseguir la obliteración completa de la MAV, la eliminación de los factores de riesgo vascular asociados y disminuir su tamaño para la efectividad de posteriores tratamientos. Pacientes y métodos. Analizamos las características demográficas y anatómicas de 110 pacientes portadores de MAV durante 13 años, y se realizó una embolización a 100de éstos. Se practicaron 203 sesiones de embolización con una media de 3 embolizaciones/paciente. De las 100 MAV embolizadas, hubo 36 MAV a las que sólo se realizó embolización sin otro tratamiento posterior, a 48 se les realizó radiocirugía postembolización y a los 16 restantes cirugía postembolización. El tipo del material usado fueron agentes embólicos líquidos adhesivos (Hystoacril, Glubran®), agentes embólicos no adhesivos (Onyx) y partículas de polivinil alcohol. Se revisó a los pacientes clínica y arteriográficamente. Resultados. De las 100 MAV embolizadas, hubo una erradicación completa con sólo embolización en 27 MAV (27%). De las48 MAV a las que se les realizó radiocirugía posterior, hubo una obliteración media del 78%. De las 16 MAV a las que se realizó cirugía posterior, hubo una obliteración media del 70%. De las 100MAV embolizadas, hubo 16 en las que quedaron restos. La embolización eliminó la mayoría de los factores de riesgo vascular asociados: de 43 MAV con factores de riesgo asociados, desaparecieron en 28 MAV (65%). Con la embolización se produjo una morbilidad del 8% y mortalidad del 2%. Conclusión. La embolización eliminó la mayoría de los factores de riesgo vascular, con una obliteración completa en 27 casos y se redujo el tamaño para posteriores tratamientos de manera satisfactoria, y todo ello con una morbimortalidad aceptable (AU)


Introduction. We analysed the characteristics, progression and outcomes observed following the embolisation of 100intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) that were performed in order to achieve complete obliteration of the AVM, the elimination of associated vascular risk factors and also to reduce their size with a view to increasing the effectiveness of later treatments. Patients and methods. The demographic and anatomical characteristics of 110 patients with AVM were analysed over a period of 13 years, and embolisation was performed in 100 of them. In all, 203 embolisation sessions were carried out with an average of 3 embolisations per patient. Of the 100 AVM that were embolised, 36 were AVM which were treated by embolisation with no later therapy, 48 required radiosurgery after the embolisation and the other 16 were submitted to surgery following the embolisation. The type of materials used included liquid adhesive embolic agents (Hystoacryl, Glubran ®), non adhesiveembolic agents (Onyx) and polyvinyl alcohol particles. Patients were examined clinically and arteriographically. Results. Of the 100 AVM that were embolised, complete eradication was accomplished with just embolisation in 27 cases of AVM (27%). Of the 48 AVM in which radiosurgery was carried out at a later date, the average rate of obliteration was 78% and of the 16 AVM in which surgery was carried out some time later, the average rate of obliteration was 70%. Of the 100 AVM tha twere embolised, some residue remained in 16 cases. Embolisation eliminated most of the associated vascular risk factors, as can be seen by the fact that associated risk factors disappeared in 28 (65%) out of the 43 AVM with such factors. The morbidity and mortality rates with embolisation were 8% and 2%, respectively. Conclusions. Embolisation eliminated most of the vascular risk factors, with complete obliteration in 27 cases and size was satisfactorily reduced for later treatment; at the same time, morbidity and mortality rates were acceptable (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/cirurgia , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Morbidade , Mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Terapia Combinada , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/epidemiologia
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